+
{"id":16805,"date":"2020-11-20T20:56:45","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T20:56:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/?p=16805"},"modified":"2023-05-16T16:12:06","modified_gmt":"2023-05-16T16:12:06","slug":"20-de-noviembre-de-1975-a-45-anos-de-la-muerte-del-dictador-francisco-franco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/2020\/11\/20\/20-de-noviembre-de-1975-a-45-anos-de-la-muerte-del-dictador-francisco-franco\/","title":{"rendered":"20 de noviembre de 1975. Muerte del dictador Francisco Franco"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cFranco ha muerto\u201d, comunic\u00f3 tres veces un telegrama oficial enviado a las cinco de la ma\u00f1ana del 20 de noviembre de 1975. Unas horas despu\u00e9s, el presidente del Gobierno, <strong>Carlos Arias Navarro<\/strong>, retransmiti\u00f3 en un mensaje televisivo la noticia con el mensaje \u201cEspa\u00f1oles, Franco ha muerto\u201d. Tras una larga agon\u00eda, el denominado \u201cCaudillo por la gracia de Dios\u201d, falleci\u00f3 hace 45 a\u00f1os y, junto con \u00e9l, el r\u00e9gimen dictatorial que lider\u00f3 durante casi cuatro d\u00e9cadas. El inicio de la transici\u00f3n hacia la democracia se hab\u00eda iniciado en un pa\u00eds cuya sociedad ya hab\u00eda comenzado a comprometerse con los principios del liberalismo occidental. Adem\u00e1s, el sistema pol\u00edtico ideado tras la Guerra Civil (1936-1939) estaba concebido como un instrumento de poder personal que dif\u00edcilmente podr\u00eda subsistir sin su l\u00edder.<\/p>\n<p>El Movimiento Nacional, que ocupaba el poder durante el r\u00e9gimen militar, ya tambaleaba a principios de los setenta. En 1974, la flebitis, el Parkinson y una serie de males g\u00e1stricos resquebrajaban la salud de <strong>Francisco Franco <\/strong>y hac\u00edan temer por su vida. Mientras, la oposici\u00f3n se organizaba, los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n se fortalec\u00edan, la situaci\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica empeoraba y la presi\u00f3n internacional por los cr\u00edmenes estatales cometidos en Espa\u00f1a \u2013que ocurrieron hasta el final de la dictadura\u2013 era cada vez mayor.<\/p>\n<p>El d\u00eda anterior del entierro del \u201cGeneral\u00edsimo\u201d en el Valle de los Ca\u00eddos, don <strong>Juan Carlos de Borb\u00f3n<\/strong> se convirti\u00f3 en rey de Espa\u00f1a el 22 de noviembre de 1975. El nuevo jefe de Estado deb\u00eda definir qu\u00e9 ocurrir\u00eda con la pol\u00edtica de la naci\u00f3n ib\u00e9rica, que continuaba at\u00f3nica y sin un rumbo claro. De forma sorpresiva, el 3 de julio de 1976 nombr\u00f3 a un entonces desconocido <strong>Adolfo Su\u00e1rez<\/strong> como nuevo presidente del Gobierno. Bajo su gesti\u00f3n, la Ley de Reforma Pol\u00edtica avanz\u00f3 y se disolvieron las Cortes franquistas tan solo un a\u00f1o despu\u00e9s de la muerte del \u201cCaudillo\u201d. Con amplia mayor\u00eda, los ciudadanos espa\u00f1oles respaldaron las modificaciones en refer\u00e9ndum y sellaron el camino hacia la democracia. No obstante, la figura de Franco nunca ha dejado de incomodar al pa\u00eds europeo durante las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>Juan Mart\u00edn de Chazal<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong>Colaborador de la Red Historia de las Relaciones Internacionales (CoFEI)<br \/>\nDepartamento de Historia<br \/>\nIRI \u2013 UNLP<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cFranco ha muerto\u201d, comunic\u00f3 tres veces un telegrama oficial enviado a las cinco de la ma\u00f1ana del 20 de noviembre de 1975. Unas horas despu\u00e9s, el presidente del Gobierno, Carlos Arias Navarro, retransmiti\u00f3 en un mensaje televisivo la noticia con el mensaje \u201cEspa\u00f1oles, Franco ha muerto\u201d. Tras una larga agon\u00eda, el denominado \u201cCaudillo por la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":16816,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-efemerides","category-extension","entry","has-media"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",750,200,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew-300x80.png",300,80,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",750,200,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",750,200,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",750,200,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",750,200,false],"ocean-thumb-m":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",600,160,false],"ocean-thumb-ml":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",750,200,false],"ocean-thumb-l":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",750,200,false],"sow-carousel-default":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew-272x182.png",272,182,true],"sow-blog-portfolio":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",375,100,false],"sow-blog-grid":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",720,192,false],"sow-blog-alternate":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/efemeridesFEATnewNew.png",750,200,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Candela","author_link":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/author\/candela\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\u201cFranco ha muerto\u201d, comunic\u00f3 tres veces un telegrama oficial enviado a las cinco de la ma\u00f1ana del 20 de noviembre de 1975. Unas horas despu\u00e9s, el presidente del Gobierno, Carlos Arias Navarro, retransmiti\u00f3 en un mensaje televisivo la noticia con el mensaje \u201cEspa\u00f1oles, Franco ha muerto\u201d. Tras una larga agon\u00eda, el denominado \u201cCaudillo por la&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16805"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27233,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16805\/revisions\/27233"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}