+
{"id":26753,"date":"2020-04-05T16:35:50","date_gmt":"2020-04-05T16:35:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/?p=26753"},"modified":"2024-02-06T11:43:06","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T14:43:06","slug":"5-de-abril-1963-instalacion-del-telefono-rojo-entre-estados-unidos-y-la-urss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/5-de-abril-1963-instalacion-del-telefono-rojo-entre-estados-unidos-y-la-urss\/","title":{"rendered":"5 de Abril 1963: instalaci\u00f3n del Tel\u00e9fono Rojo entre Estados Unidos y la URSS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u201cThe quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog\u2019s back 1234567890\u201d<\/em> (Un zorro r\u00e1pido y marr\u00f3n salt\u00f3 sobre el lomo de un perro holgaz\u00e1n 1234567890) Era una frase absurda que los rusos intentaron descifrar en vano: s\u00f3lo serv\u00eda para comprobar la eficacia del aparato dado que la frase conten\u00eda todas las letras del abecedario y los n\u00fameros.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Fue el 5 de abril de 1963 que, por primera vez en la historia, se conect\u00f3 el \u201ctel\u00e9fono rojo\u201d uniendo de esta forma el despacho del presidente Kennedy en Estados Unidos y el despacho de Nikita Kruschev en la Uni\u00f3n Sovi\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n<p>Este dispositivo fue mal llamado \u2018tel\u00e9fono\u2019 puesto que se trataba de un teletipo, es decir que enviaba mensajes escritos.<\/p>\n<p>Se decidi\u00f3 la creaci\u00f3n del mismo como consecuencia de la Crisis de los Misiles en 1962, considerando sumamente importante un medio de comunicaci\u00f3n directa entre las dos naciones m\u00e1s poderosas del mundo.<\/p>\n<p>Debido a los grandes avances tecnol\u00f3gicos, en 1991 la comunicaci\u00f3n pas\u00f3 a ser telef\u00f3nica y en 2008 se sumaron los correos electr\u00f3nicos.<\/p>\n<p>A 60 a\u00f1os de este suceso, recordemos los sucesos conocidos en los cuales se utiliz\u00f3 esta v\u00eda:<\/p>\n<p>1963: El asesinato del presidente John F. Kennedy<\/p>\n<p>1967: La Guerra de los Seis D\u00edas entre Egipto e Israel<\/p>\n<p>1971: La Guerra entre India y Pakist\u00e1n<\/p>\n<p>1973: La Guerra de Yom Kipur<\/p>\n<p>1974: La intervenci\u00f3n de Turqu\u00eda en Chipre<\/p>\n<p>1979: La invasi\u00f3n rusa en Afganist\u00e1n<\/p>\n<p>1981: La amenaza de invasi\u00f3n rusa a Polonia<\/p>\n<p>1982: La invasi\u00f3n de Israel al L\u00edbano<\/p>\n<p>1991: La Guerra del Golfo<\/p>\n<p>2001: Los atentados del 11 de septiembre en Estados Unidos<\/p>\n<p>2003: La Guerra de Irak<\/p>\n<p>2016: Obama advirti\u00f3 a Rusia de no interferir en las elecciones presidenciales del pa\u00eds, luego de la filtraci\u00f3n de correos de Hillary Clinton que realizaron hackers rusos.<\/p>\n<p>2022: Invasi\u00f3n rusa a Ucrania (precisamente la toma de la planta nuclear de Zaporiyia)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sof\u00eda Lucena<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Colaborador de la Red Federal de Historia de las Relaciones Internacionales<br \/>\nDepartamento de Historia<br \/>\nIRI \u2013 UNLP.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cThe quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog\u2019s back 1234567890\u201d (Un zorro r\u00e1pido y marr\u00f3n salt\u00f3 sobre el lomo de un perro holgaz\u00e1n 1234567890) Era una frase absurda que los rusos intentaron descifrar en vano: s\u00f3lo serv\u00eda para comprobar la eficacia del aparato dado que la frase conten\u00eda todas las letras del abecedario y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":14333,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,1265,14],"tags":[235,954,485],"class_list":["post-26753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-efemerides","category-efemerides-2023","category-extension","tag-estados-unidos","tag-telefono-rojo","tag-urss","entry","has-media"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",750,200,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT-300x80.png",300,80,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",750,200,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",750,200,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",750,200,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",750,200,false],"ocean-thumb-m":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",600,160,false],"ocean-thumb-ml":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",750,200,false],"ocean-thumb-l":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",750,200,false],"sow-carousel-default":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT-272x182.png",272,182,true],"sow-blog-portfolio":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",375,100,false],"sow-blog-grid":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",720,192,false],"sow-blog-alternate":["https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/efemeridesFEAT.png",750,200,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Juana Alvarez Eiras","author_link":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/author\/juana-alvarez-eiras\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\u201cThe quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog\u2019s back 1234567890\u201d (Un zorro r\u00e1pido y marr\u00f3n salt\u00f3 sobre el lomo de un perro holgaz\u00e1n 1234567890) Era una frase absurda que los rusos intentaron descifrar en vano: s\u00f3lo serv\u00eda para comprobar la eficacia del aparato dado que la frase conten\u00eda todas las letras del abecedario y&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26753","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26753"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26753\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26754,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26753\/revisions\/26754"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}