{"id":40902,"date":"2025-06-25T11:33:45","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T14:33:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/?p=40902"},"modified":"2025-07-11T12:42:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T15:42:43","slug":"la-violencia-politica-en-colombia-el-regreso-a-la-caverna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iri.edu.ar\/index.php\/2025\/06\/25\/la-violencia-politica-en-colombia-el-regreso-a-la-caverna\/","title":{"rendered":"La violencia pol\u00edtica en Colombia: \u201cEl regreso a la caverna\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Los recientes hechos suscitados en Colombia frente a la vulneraci\u00f3n del derecho a la vida y el ejercicio del derecho pol\u00edtico de elegir y ser elegido colocan en vilo lo dispuesto y se\u00f1alado en el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Pol\u00edticos (1966). Estos fen\u00f3menos de violencia pol\u00edtica no son <em>sui generis<\/em>, sino que son fen\u00f3menos c\u00edclicos que se derivan en la debilidad institucional que no ha logrado ser conjurada a trav\u00e9s del tiempo.<\/p>\n<p>Desde los tiempos de <strong>Jorge Eliecer Gait\u00e1n<\/strong>, <strong>Luis Carlos Gal\u00e1n<\/strong>, <strong>Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa<\/strong>, <strong>Carlos Pizarro<\/strong>, entre otros, la violencia pol\u00edtica se ha convertido en el arma preferente para acallar voces disidentes que plantean diferentes formas de cambiar el pa\u00eds, ya sea por el posicionamiento o comprensi\u00f3n divergente de las realidades sociales que atraviesa el pa\u00eds, o el \u201c<em>miedo\u201d<\/em> al cambio del <em>statuo quo <\/em>\u00a0los cuales afectan los intereses de terceros poderosos que se agrupan en importantes sectores de la sociedad (militares, econ\u00f3micos, gubernamentales).<\/p>\n<p>El reciente hecho de violencia que ha sucedido en el pa\u00eds con el senador <strong>Miguel Uribe Turbay<\/strong> hace evidente el debilitamiento de la democracia, no solamente como forma de gobierno, sino tambi\u00e9n como piedra fundamental del libre ejercicio de derechos fundamentales, lo cual lleva a reevaluar el nivel del discurso empleado en las discusiones pol\u00edticas, especialmente a v\u00edsperas de elecciones presidenciales y del Congreso de la Rep\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p>Retomo y hago \u00e9nfasis en la parte del discurso como mecanismo para realizar actividades que congreguen y legitimen la toma de decisiones en pro de las garant\u00edas fundamentales. En este sentido, la pol\u00edtica y los discursos utilizados en ella gozan, por esencia, de ser un ejercicio eminentemente dial\u00e9ctico que requiera la anuencia de m\u00e1s de dos interlocutores que a trav\u00e9s de los debates logren expresar sus ideas, y por qu\u00e9 no, tambi\u00e9n sus desavenencias para construir una mejor democracia.<\/p>\n<p>Las \u00faltimas semanas para Colombia han sido de alta intensidad en el tema de debates en el Congreso de la Rep\u00fablica que ha llevado a esgrimir opiniones no conciliadoras y pac\u00edficas por parte del Presidente de la Rep\u00fablica y su gabinete al Congreso de la Rep\u00fablica, as\u00ed como a algunos precandidatos presidenciales. Estas acciones afectan el discurso, los debates y rompen con el equilibrio de poderes que permite realizar controles efectivos a las diferentes ramas del poder p\u00fablico, as\u00ed como derivar en afectaciones a la vida de las personas que hacen parte del espectro pol\u00edtico.<\/p>\n<p>Para finalizar, es necesario que el Presidente y dem\u00e1s instituciones disminuyan el tono confrontacional en el marco del debate pol\u00edtico, al igual que se debe brindar todas las garant\u00edas a las personas que desarrollen sus derechos pol\u00edticos (a\u00fan m\u00e1s a la oposici\u00f3n) para fortalecer nuestra democracia y garantizar un ejercicio electoral pac\u00edfico, de lo contrario estar\u00eda en camino a formas dictatoriales que nos lleven a la caverna, como lo se\u00f1ala el pol\u00edtico costarricense <strong>Oscar Arias S\u00e1nchez<\/strong>:<em> \u201cHay una diferencia sencilla entre un dictador y un dem\u00f3crata: si el dem\u00f3crata no tiene oposici\u00f3n, su deber es crearla, mientras que el sue\u00f1o del dictador es eliminar toda oposici\u00f3n.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><em>Juli\u00e1n Andr\u00e9s Vald\u00e9s Mosquera<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\nCandidato a Doctor en Relaciones Internacionales<br \/>\nIRI-UNLP<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>por Juli\u00e1n Andr\u00e9s Vald\u00e9s 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